차용진 Yong Jin Cha

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 25-47, 2015

The purposes of this study are to examine the validity and reliability of the 2014 Global Innovation Index (GII) and to make suggestions for improving the GII. The confirmatory factor analyses reveal that the constructs of institutions, human capital & research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge & technology outputs, and creative outputs have low convergent, discriminant and criteria-related validity. Furthermore, the higher order factor analyses indicate that the fit indices of the GII model are low. In the measurement model, tertiary education, R&D, general infrastructure, credit, trade & competition, innovation linkages, knowledge absorption, knowledge impact, knowledge diffusion, intangible assets, and online creativity have high measurement errors. The results suggest a bad fit to the data. Based on these findings, this study discusses some considerations to improve the GII.

글로벌혁신지수, 타당도, 신뢰도, 고차요인분석, Global Innovation Index, Validity, Reliability, Higher Order Factor Analysis

민기 Kee Min , 박철민 Cheol Min Park

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 77-105, 2015

This study aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership(TL) and organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) with leader-member exchange(LMX) as a mediator using a sample of 262 students from high schools in Busan. The study also looked at TL as antecedents to LMX, and LMX as antecedents to OCB. The scales were proven to have reliability through the results based on Williams & Anderson``s idea arguing that the result is highly reliable if the Cronbach α value is between .89 and .93. The results show that TL is positively related to OCB while LMX also produces some significant moderating effects on the relationship between TL and OCB. An important implication of this study’s findings is that TL should be positively enhanced for the purpose of increasing the level of OCB through using the mediating role of LMX.

변혁적 리더십(TL), 교사-학생 관계(LMX), 조직시민행동(OCB), Transformational Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, School Organization, Leader-Member Exchange

유영수 Young Soo Yoo , 최진식 Jin Sik Choi , 권용수 Yong Soo Kwon

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 133-159, 2015

The purpose of this study is to address the mediating effects of the traditional market on the relations between local governance and local economy. Local governance is composed of participation, leadership, collaboration, and project feasibility. The analysis results of this study based on survey administered to market merchants in Seoul and GyeongGi-do are as follows. First, the traditional market had a positive effect on local economy. Second, the participation, collaboration, and project feasibility influenced positively on local economy. Third, the leadership had a positive effect on local economy, but a negative effect on local market. The policy implications of this study are as follows. First, government should consider the importance of traditional market as a place for mutual interchange in a region in the process of economy revitalization. Second, the components of local governance should be retained by the government. Third, the government should assure the participation, leadership, collaboration, and project feasibility in the revitalization process of traditional market.

로컬 거버넌스, 전통시장, 지역경제, 문전성시, Local Governance, Traditional Market, Local Economy, Munjeonseongsi Project

박용성 Young Sung Park

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 159-183, 2015

Policy layering is typically appear in Korea’s patriot and veterans policy, which means the relationship between existing policy goals and new ones are incoherent and the relationship existing policy measure and new ones are not inconsistent. This study aims to explain why the Korea’s patriot and veterans policy change appeared in the forms of policy layering. To review the issue more specifically, the author introduces an analytic framework of Kingdon’s multiple streams framework with Hacker’s the policy change model. This study seeks to explore the opportunities for combining both and applying them to the patriot and veterans policy making in Korea. The central questions in this study concerns what is the role of policy streams relatives in the policy process and what effect external policy factors have on the policy change. The study show that the layering pattern of Korea’s patriot and veterans policy change is the result of the weak policy streams relatives in the policy process, as well as low barriers to authoritative policy action.

정책변동모형, 수정된 다중흐름모형, 정책가겹, 국가보훈정책, The Multiple-streams Framework, Policy Change, The Patriot and Veterans Policy

최창현 Chang-hyeon Choi , 곽미정 Mi-jung Kwak

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 1-25, 2015

The Korean government implemented its basic pension system on July 1 2014. This study is designed to help the proper settlement of the pension system of this country becoming an aging society by analyzing the policies for the pension system and using the indicators of the researches based on the analysis. The purpose of this study is to help properly settle the country``s pension system by applying diagnostic measures to the pension system to understand its policies. This study attempts to understand and explain the implications for the surveys conducted to the experts by using the diagnostic indicators applied to analyzing the policies for the pension system. This study could explain the implications for the effectiveness of the basic pension system which is being implemented in our country. It attempts to suggest a correct understanding of the policies for pension system, help to find a correct orientation of the social welfare system of the country by checking the applied indicators for this analysis of the pension system.

기초연금제도, 제도진단, 제도진단 지표, Basic Pension System, Institutional Diagnosis, Institutional Diagnosis Indicator

김순양 Soon-yang Kim

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 47-76, 2015

The purpose of this article is to suggest the measures to activate welfare market as a way of raising the sustainability of the welfare state, to a direction of maximizing the merits of welfare market and minimizing its demerits. To the end, this article first examined the role and limit of the state as a provider of welfare services and then debated on the concept, scope, and role of welfare market as another provider of welfare services. The article also explored the meaning and function of quasi-market as a hybrid welfare provision combining the state and market. With regard to the actual condition of welfare market, this article conducted research across the three sectors of social welfare - social insurance, public assistance, and social welfare service. Subsequently, based on the empirical investigation into the contemporary situation of welfare market, this article suggested the following policy measures to activate welfare market as a way of enhancing the sustainability of the welfare state: maximizing the merits of welfare market while minimizing the weakness of welfare market, strengthening the complementary cooperation between market and other providers of welfare services, and reinforcing the substantiality of quasi-market.

복지국가, 시장, 준시장, 복지서비스, The Welfare State, Welfare Market, Quasi-market, Welfare Provision

장현주 Hyun-joo Chang

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 105-132, 2015

This study aims to present implications for governance of Korean Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) policy through exploring their paradigm shift and change in governance structure for SME policy in France, Japan, and Taiwan. Based on the historical new institutional perspective, this article analyzes structural context that consists of macro environments and domestic circumstances, and institutional context in three countries. It reports that the state-dominated SME policy paradigm and change in governance structure in Hollande administration was attributed to the increased political strength and political transformation of a group of small and medium enterprises, and resulted in high independency. Change in Japanese paradigm through the amendment of SME law in 1999 was attributable to economic circumstances, such as a necessity to overcome a long term economic recession and to strengthen business competitive power, but it turned out not to be highly independent from industrial policy. Lastly, in Taiwan, a relatively incremental change that attempts to foster global businesses through a competition of SMEs was more attributable to economic circumstances than political context in a low polarization between conglomerates and SMEs, and resulted in high independency from industrial policy. The results imply that the governance structure for SME policy needs to be transferred in a way to build a SME policy eco-system in which stakeholders participate spontaneously and public-private partnerships are embedded in the operation process of SME policy for nurturing the self-sustaining of SMEs.

중소기업정책, 거버넌스 구조, 제도 변화, Small and Medium Enterprise Policy, Governance Structure, Institutional Change

박홍윤 Hong-yun Park

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 183-209, 2015

In the 21th century, which is referred to as era of evaluation, evaluation is emphasized in a variety of areas. The importance of evaluation has caused rapid increase of evaluation associations for the past 10 years. As evaluation field grows, evaluation standards or code of ethics for evaluation, which should be obeyed by professional evaluator, has been expanded. In this work, with the codes of ethics for evaluation of 17 foreign evaluation associations and 9 evaluation related international organizations, format and content are analyzed. The content analysis is studied through quality analysis tool, NVIVO 10. Analysis shows that most of codes of ethics for evaluation commonly suggest principles of Credibility, Impartiality, Human Rights, transparency, Cultural Diversity, Responsibility and Accountability, Independence, Public Interest, Honesty, and Integrity. In addition, as more specific guidelines and standards, Competence, Reporting, Participation and Communication, Conflicts of Interests, Justified Conclusion Sound Designs and Analyses, Confidentiality, Attention to Stakeholders, Fiscal Responsibility, Reliable Information, Data-based Evaluation, Accuracy and Systematic Inquiry Obligations to participants, and Commissioning are stipulated. However, format, classification of content and others demonstrate inconsistency and each country defines them in a variety of forms.

평가, 평가자, 평가윤리, 윤리 강령, 내용분석, Policy Evaluation, Evaluator, Ethics of Evaluation, Code of Ethics, Content Analysis

안승혁 Seung-hyeok Ahn , 윤순진 Sun-jin Yun

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 209-237, 2015

It examined how the activities addressing climate change have been given attention from the year 2000 when Gwangju’s climate governance has started until 2015, the aspects shown in milestone, and the factors which helped construct climate change governance as it is now. Furthermore, from a perspective of Multi-level governance, the positive impact of the international and national network activities on the climate change policy process in Gwangju was examined, and the influence of the central government on Gwangju was also reviewed. By conducting a survey twice in 2009 and 2015, the awareness degree of related actors about climate change policy process and their interaction were studied. The actors involved in governance were classified into four groups, local governments, NGOs, industry, and research institutions, then their characteristics were compared. The changing patterns were explored according to time. The structure of governance and interaction were identified by using a social network analysis from a policy network perspective. The survey results showed that the Department of Environment and green space and the Department of climate change in the city hall of Gwangju metropolitan city, Gwangju Council for Local Agenda21, and Gwangju Climate Change Response Center have played a major role in the policy process of climate change. The most profound change from the year 2009 to 2015 was that the think tank in response to climate change was launched. The existing climate change response activities of Gwangju Council for Local Agenda 21, of which is a Public-private governance organization, were moved to Gwangju Climate Change Response Center. Climate Change Governance in Gwangju has changed from Local government-civil society to Local government-institutions Partnership.

기후변화, 기후변화 대응, 거버넌스, 다층적 거버넌스, 정책 네트워크, 광주, Climate Change, Climate Change Response, Governance, Multi-level Governance, Policy Network, Gwangju

한주희 Ju-hi Han , 주창범 Chang-bum Ju

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 237-259, 2015

South Korea has developed one of the most advanced e-governments in the world with regard to efficiency. However, it is still questionable whether it has successfully developed its democratic e-governance. Citizen participation in e-government can be defined as citizens’ participation in administrative processes, using information and communication technologies. This study aimed to evaluate South Korea’s e-government policy based on four developmental stages. In the first stage, the Korea government provided basic electronic services, which were initiated by developing the National Basic Information System during the fifth republic. The second stage refers to the facilitation of transactions, which was made possible when the patent-net was launched by the first civilian government. The third stage refers to the facilitation of participation, which was facilitated through the online citizen participation portal by the Roh Moo hyun government. The fourth stage refers to the integration stage, which is related with “Government 3.0” of the Park Geun-hye Administration. However, the integration stage is an ongoing and future-oriented stage, so the Park Geun-hye administration must provide more investment and attention toward citizen participation in e-government.

전자정부, 시민참여, 전자민주주의, e-government, Citizen Participation, Electronic Democracy

현영란 Young-ran Hyun

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 259-282, 2015

This paper examines the impact of the capacity of local governments on the cooperative contractual relationship between local government and NPOs, a relationship which frames the concept of governance. This paper mainly focuses on the capacities (finance, manpower, civil society and relationship) of local governments and the cooperative contract relationship between government and NPOs. 18 local governments and 226 Art-Center organizations are included in the analysis. To test the effects, path analysis was applied to causalities between the variables. The analysis supported our hypothesis that the capacity of local governments has a positive effects on the cooperative contract relationship between governments and NPOs. Among the different capacities of local governments, we found their relationship capacity and civil society capacity to be significant factors for cooperative contract relationships through finance and manpower capacities. Consequently, relationship capacity influenced not only different local government capacities but also cooperative contract relationships between government and NPOs.

지방정부역량, 거버넌스, 협력적 계약관계, 관계역량, local government capacity, governance, cooperative contract relationship

김복태 Bok-tae Kim , 황현숙 Hyun-suk Hwang

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 283-308, 2015

This study aimed to divide introduction stage, establishment stage, development stage, and maturity stage on the development process of local governance and analyze major characteristics on each stage with focusing on regional committee of labor, management, civic groups, government in Bucheon city. Key findings on each stage are as follows. Transferring establish stage to development stage depends on the level of cooperation with central government in order to acquire the limited finance. Also, two-tired implementation system is needed to make the balance between policy development, decision, and implementation to make the better utilization of employment, knowledge, human resource development. Especially, the study shows that building governance system of various sub-sector groups which link economic development and social integration is very important in order to institutionalize regional employment governance.

지역고용거버넌스, 발전과정, 노사민정협의회, egional Governance, Development Process, Regional Committee of Labor, Management, Civic Groups, Government

권일웅 Illoong Kwon , 한승희 Seung-hui Han

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 309-336, 2015

Even though the number of female civil servants has been increasing, the percentage of female civil servants in high-ranking positions is still low. Discrimination against women in promotion (glass ceiling) would reduce motivations of female civil servants for promotion, and increase prejudice that females are inferior and passive in leadership positions. Furthermore, the lack of motivations for promotion could cause a vicious circle which may strengthen discrimination against female civil servants. To increase motivations of female civil servants for promotion, this study distinguishes formal equality which focuses on equal treatment between men and women, and equity which makes use of knowledge, skill, capacity of female. Also, this paper investigates which organizational management system is more effective in improving motivations of female civil servants for promotion. Using a survey data on central government civil servants in Korea, this paper shows that equitable organizational management system which makes efficient use of knowledge, skill of female has significant effect on increasing motivations of female civil servants. Interestingly, we can observe more significant effect in female civil servants on the age of 20s and 30s. Also, this paper shows that formal equality decreases motivations of male civil servants for promotion. Therefore, we need to consider paradigm shift of personnel policy from equal treatment between men and women to equitable organizational management system which makes use of knowledge, skill, capacity and focuses on human resource development of female.

여성 공무원, 승진 동기, 평등성, 공정성, Female Civil Servant, Motivations for Promotion, Equality, Equity

박수진 Soo-jin Park , 윤희철 Hee-cheol Yun , 나주몽 Ju-mong Na

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 337-360, 2015

Local Agenda21 is the plan of action for sustainable development, And it diagnoses problems related local community and puts the plans for agenda into action with governance which is the cooperative system among stakeholder such as local government, citizen and enterprise. As the smallest unit for practice of a plans for sustainable development, Neighborhood continues practical efforts through community building with the resident participation. Because of overcoming of the limitations related civic movements or projects subsidized by the local government through governance, the community building project of Local Agenda 21 is important. The purpose of the study is to determine significance of the community building project of Local Agenda21 focused on the community building projects of Gwangju Council for Local Agenda 21(GCLA). This paper would reviewed advanced researches on the governance by priority and sorted out the 3 properties such as network, autonomy&participation and accountability as a analytic criterion. The result of analysis by standards of 3 properties on the projects of GCLA may be summarized as follows. In the first, the projects of GCLA is administered sustainedly by resident participation system. Second, many participants who joined in projects of GCLA are developing the endogenous community without subsidy. Third, many communities have connected to the other projects for sustainable development in GCLA. Fourth, inhabitants of the neighborhoods have actively interacted. When GCLA goes through public participation for projects, they accepted diverse participants without distinction in terms of openness. Even though GCLA is the governance organization to practice for the local agenda 21 in Korea, there are relatively low in the network aspect in projects of GCLA.

거버넌스, 지방의제21, 마을만들기, 내집앞마을가꾸기사업, Governance, Local Agenda 21, Community Building, Community Planning, The Maeulmandeulgi Projects

이계만 Kye-man Lee , 안병철 Byeong-cheol Ahn

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 361-390, 2015

The purpose of this paper analyzes developmental process of governmental bureaucracy by historical and evolutional perspectives. This work studies the characteristics and evolutional process of Ministry of Environment(ME) and Ministry of Employment and Labor Reserved(ELR) in the Korea bureaucracy. Evolution is classified by variation, selection, steadiness, and these make a framework lens in studying bureaucracy change all the time. The major findings are that since organization``s formation, the bureaucracy of ME and ELR has changed repeat by an environment and institutional context. Also, it searched a point that the each bureaucracy will be various to the evolution and institutional characteristics. Through the study, we argue that needs to consider both evolutional characteristics and path of Korea bureaucracy in evolutional perspectives. In spite of such possibilities the discussion is hypothetical argument. Thus, this paper must follow the depths study to the justifiability of discussion. We hope this article is able to provide an incentive for understanding the organization evolution of bureaucracy.

조직진화, 관료제 변화, 경로의존, 진화과정, Bureaucracy Chance, Organization Evolution, Path Dependence, Evolution Process

홍성운 Sung-woon Hong

DOI: Vol.22(No.2) 391-411, 2015

This study aims at analysing empirically the acceptancy of public officials toward organizational culture on the premise that organizational culture is a valuable thing which influences on organizational performance, diagnosing current situations, and proposing desirable orientation. Finding Results is as follows. In general, most of all, thought of public service ranks highest in the acceptancy and communication, leadership, fair personnel management ranks relatively low. Meanwhile thought of public service ranks highest in the acceptancy of organizational level, teamwork ranks highest in individual one. Further to this, six contents all are located high in upper position but low in subordinate rank. In contrast, five contents except leadership seems different meaningfully in the aspect of age. Given these results mentioned above, It is needed that manager, first of all, should recognize the real character of multi-dimensioned organizational culture and plan variety programs which can converge differences emerged from department and position. Besides he must establish a fair personnel management that members can agree with good feeling, and prepare a program to make an intimate bond among members. The core, ultimately, is to approach differential ways to each part of organizational culture. This means an important and rightful method to take root sound culture in organization by increasing acceptancy, and, accordingly, to improve organizational performance.

조직문화, 조직성과, 일선공무원, 수용성, Organizational Culture, Organizational Performance, Public Officials, Acceptancy